THE BASICS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM IN SEVEN DAYS
Nguyen phuoc vinhco
& cộng sự
Never let a day go by without looking at …
– npvc-
NGÀY THỨ BẢY (SEVENTH DAY):
CONTENTS
I. STRUCTURES OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM
II. DISORDERS OF THE UPPER GASTRO.INTESTINAL TRACT
III. DISORDERS OF THE LOWER GASTRO.INTESTINAL TRACT
INTESTINAL DISORDERS
IIII. DISORDERS OF THE ACCESSORY ORGANS OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL
SYSTEM
V. THREE COMMONLY CONFUSED SUFFIXES FOR SURGICAL PROCEDURES OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM
VI. MEDICAL TERMS (TWO ROOTS OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM + THREE COMMONLY CONFUSED SUFFIXES FOR SURGICAL PROCEDURES OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM)
VII. EXERCISES
HÃY LÀM QUEN
BE FAMILIAR WITH
I. CẤU TRÚC CỦA HỆ TIÊU HÓA
I. STRUCTURES OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM
Hệ tiêu hóa gồm đường tiêu hóa và các cơ quan phụ trợ.
ĐƯỜNG TIÊU HÓA TRÊN
(UPPER GASTRO.INTESTINAL TRACT)
Mouth /maʊθ/: Miệng
Pharynx /ˈfærɪŋks/: Hầu, họng Từ đồng nghĩa: Throat /θroʊt/
(O)esophagus/iˈsɒfəɡəs/: Thực quản
Stomach /ˈstʌmək/: Dạ dày, bao tử
ĐƯỜNG TIÊU HÓA DƯỚI
(LOWER GASTRO.INTESTINAL TRACT)
Small intestines /smɔːl ɪnˈtɛstɪn/: Ruột non
Large intestines /lɑrdʒ ɪnˈtɛstən/: Ruột già
Rectum /ˈrektəm/: Trực tràng
Anus /ˈeɪnəs/: Hậu môn
CƠ QUAN PHỤ TRỢ CỦA HỆ TIÊU HÓA
THE ACCESSORY ORGANS OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM
Liver/lɪvər/: Gan
Gallbladder /ˈɡɔːl blædə(r)/: Túi mật
Pancreas /ˈpæŋkriəs/: Tụy
II. RỐI LOẠN ĐƯỜNG TIÊU HÓA TRÊN
II. DISORDERS OF THE UPPER GASTRO.INTESTINAL TRACT
THỰC QUẢN VÀ DẠ DÀY (THE ESOPHAGUS AND THE STOMACH)
1. Dys.phagia /dɪsˈfeɪdʒɪə/: Difficulty in swallowing. Chứng khó nuốt
2. (O)esophag.itis /ɪˌsɒfəˈdʒaɪtɪs/: Inflammation of the (o)esophagus. Viêm thực quản
3. Flatulence /ˈflætʃələns/: An uncomfortable feeling caused by having too
much gas in the stomach. Chứng đầy hơi
4. Hiatal hernia /haɪˌeɪtl ˈhərniə/: Stomach protrusion through the
(o)esophageal hiatus(opening) of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. Thoát vị khe hoành
5. Gastr.itis /ɡæˈstraɪtɪs/: Inflammation of the stomach (gastric) mucous
membranes. Viêm dạ dày
6. Gastro.enter.itis /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛntəˈraɪtis/: Inflammation of the stomach
and intestines. Viêm dạ dày ruột
7. Nausea /ˈnɔːsɪə/: A feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit. Buồn nôn
8. Pyrosis /paɪˈrəʊsɪs/: A burning sensation in the chest due to reflux of
stomach contents in the (o)esophagus. Từ ngữ đồng nghĩa: Heartburn. Chứng ợ chua
9. Regurgitation /rɪˌɡəːdʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/: The action of bringing swallowed
food up again to the mouth. Trào ngược (thức ăn hoặc chất chua từ dạ dày trào ngược vào thực quản)
III. RỐI LOẠN ĐƯỜNG TIÊU HÓA DƯỚI
III. DISORDERS OF THE LOWER GASTRO.INTESTINAL TRACT
RỐI LOẠN VỀ RUỘT (INTESTINAL DISORDERS)
1. Crohn’s disease /ˈkrəʊnz dɪziːz/: Inflammation in the mucosal lining of
the intestine (usually the ileum). Bệnh Crohn; bệnh viêm ruột (từng vùng).
2. Appendic.itis /əˌpendəˈsaɪtɪs/: Inflammation of the appendix. Viêm ruột thừa
3. Constipation /ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃn/: A condition in which you have fewer than
three bowel movements a week. Táo bón
4. Dia.rrhea: /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/: A condition in which faeces are discharged from
the bowels frequently and in a liquid form. Tiêu chảy
5. Diverticul.osis /ˌdaɪvətɪkjʊˈləʊsɪs/: Condition characterized by the
presence of a number of diverticula. Bệnh lý túi thừa
6. Diverticul.itis /ˌdaɪvətɪkjʊˈlaɪtɪs/: Inflammation of diverticula, which
fill with stagnant fecal matter and become inflamed. Viêm túi thừa
7. Dysentry /ˈdɪsəntri/: An inflammation of the intestines, especially the
colon. Kiết lỵ
IIII. RỐI LOẠN CƠ QUAN PHỤ TRỢ CỦA HỆ TIÊU HÓA
IIII. DISORDERS OF THE ACCESSORY ORGANS OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL
SYSTEM
GAN, TÚI MẬT, VÀ TỤY (THE LIVER, THE GALLBLADDER, AND THE PANCREAS)
1. Chole.lith.iasis /ˌkɒləlɪˈθaɪəsɪs/: The presence of stones in the
gallbladder. Bệnh sỏi mật
2. Cholecyst.itis /ˌkɒlɪsɪsˈtaɪtɪs/: Inflammation of the gallbladder. Viêm túi mật
3. Cholang.itis /ˌkɒlaŋˈdʒaɪtɪs/: Inflammation of the bile ducts. Viêm đường mật
4. Choledocho.lith.iasis: A condition marked by presence of calculi in the
gallbladder and common bile duct. Bệnh sỏi ống mật chủ
5. Hepat.itis /ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs/: Inflammation of the liver. Viêm gan
6. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS /ˌaɪ biː ˈes/): A chronic disorder
characterized by motor abnormalities of the small and large intestines,
causing variable symptoms including cramping, abdominal pain, constipation,
and diarrhea. Từ ngữ đồng nghĩa: Spastic colon. Hội chứng ruột kích thích; viêm đại tràng kích thích
7. Jaundice /ˈdʒɔːndɪs/: A medical condition in which the skin and the
white parts of the eyes become yellow, caused by disease of the liver or blood.
Từ ngữ đồng nghĩa: Icterus. Vàng da
8. Cirrhosis /səˈrəʊsɪs/: A serious disease of the liver, caused especially by
drinking too much alcohol. Xơ gan
9. Diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/: A medical condition in which the body cannot
produce enough insulin to control the amount of sugar in the blood. Tiểu đường
10. Pancreat.itis /ˌpæŋkrɪəˈtaɪtɪs/: Inflammation of the pancreas. Viêm tụy
V. BA HẬU TỐ CHỈ PHƯƠNG THỨC PHẪU THUẬT THƯỜNG NHẦM LẪN CỦA HỆ TIÊU HÓA
V. THREE COMMONLY CONFUSED SUFFIXES FOR SURGICAL PROCEDURES OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM
1. -Ectomy /ˈɛktəmi/: Surgical removal Cắt bỏ, lấy đi
2. -Tomy /təmi/: Cut, incision Cắt, mở
3. -Stomy /stəmi/: Artificial opening Mở thông, dẫn lưu
VI. THUẬT NGỮ Y KHOA (2 GỐC TỪ HỆ TIÊU HÓA + BA HẬU TỐ CHỈ PHƯƠNG THỨC PHẪU THUẬT THƯỜNG NHẦM LẪN CỦA HỆ TIÊU HÓA)
VI. MEDICAL TERMS (TWO ROOTS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM + THREE COMMONLY CONFUSED SUFFIXES FOR SURGICAL PROCEDURES OF THE GASTRO.INTESTINAL SYSTEM)
GASTRO-:
1. Gastr.ectomy /ɡæsˈtrɛktəmɪ/: Surgical removal of all or part of the stomach. Thủ thuật cắt bỏ dạ dày
2. Gastro.stomy /ɡæsˈtrɒstəmɪ/: Surgical formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach. Thủ thuật mở thông dạ dày
3. Gastro.tomy /ɡæsˈtrɒtəmɪ/: Surgical incision into the stomach. Thủ thuật mở dạ dày
CHOLECYST/O-:
1. Cholecyst.ectomy /ˌkɒlɪsɪˈstɛktəmɪ/: Surgical removal of the gallbladder. Thủ thuật cắt bỏ túi mật
2. Cholecysto.stomy /ˌkɒlɪsɪsˈtɒstəmɪ/: Surgical formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the gallbladder, usually done for drainage and to remove gallstones. Thủ thuật mở thông túi mật
3. Cholecysto.tomy /ˌkəʊlɪsɪˈstɒtəmɪ/: Surgical incision of the gallbladder. Thủ thuật mở túi mật
VII. BÀI TẬP
VII. EXERCISES
BÀI TẬP 7-1 ĐỊNH NGHĨA
EXERCISE 7-1 DEFINITIONS
1. A specialist who treats disorders in the body parts such as the liver, biliary
tree, the gallbladder, and the pancrea is a/an _______________
Eye doctor gastro.entero.logist procto.logist hepato.logist
2. A doctor who specializes in diseases of the rectum and anus is a/an
_______________
Gastro.entero.logist E.N.T doctor hepato.logist procto.logist
3. A doctor who specializes in diseases of the digestive system ( = gastro.intestinal system) is a/an
_______________
Heart specialist hepato.logist procto.logist gastro.entero.logist
4. _______________ is a branch of medicine dealing with the digestive system ( = gastro.intestinal system) and its disorders
Cardiology gastro.entero.logy hepato.logy procto.logy
5. _______________ is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and
treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus
Gastro.entero.logy hepato.logy procto.logy cardio.logy
BÀI TẬP 7-2 PHÂN TÍCH THUẬT NGỮ
EXERCISE 7-2 ANALYZING TERMS
Analyze the following terms by putting the roots and suffixes in the
appropriate columns. Then, write a definition for each term.
Phân tích các thuật ngữ sau bằng cách đặt gốc từ và hậu tố ở
các cột thích hợp. Sau đó, viết định nghĩa cho mỗi thuật ngữ.
TERM ROOT SUFFIX DEFINITION
1. Entero.scopy __________ ___________ _____________________________________
2. Choledoncho.plasty __________ ___________ _____________________________________
3. Pharyng.eal __________ ___________ _____________________________________
4. Colo.tomy _________ ___________ _____________________________________
5. Ileo.rrhaphy __________ ___________ _____________________________________
BÀI TẬP 7. 3 THÀNH PHẦN MỘT THUẬT NGỮ
EXERCISE 7-3 WORD PARTS
Break each of the following terms into its word parts: prefix, root, or
suffix. Give the meaning of each word part and then define the term.
Chia mỗi thuật ngữ sau thành các thành phần của nó: tiền tố, gốc từ, hoặc
hậu tố. Cho nghĩa của từng thành phần và sau đó định nghĩa thuật ngữ.
1. Chole.lith.iasis
root: _________________________
suffix: _________________________
suffix: _________________________
definition: _________________________
2. Colo.proct.itis
root: _________________________
root: _________________________
suffix: _________________________
definition: _________________________
3. Endo.gastr.ic
prefix: _________________________
root: _________________________
suffix: _________________________
definition: _________________________
4. Gastro.pexy
root: _________________________
suffix: _________________________
definition: _________________________
5. Colono.scopy
root: _________________________
suffix: _________________________
definition: _________________________
BÀI TẬP 7-4 CẤU TẠO TỪ
EXERCISE 7-4 WORD BUILDING
Build medical terms based on the given definitions.
Cấu tạo các thuật ngữ y học dựa trên các định nghĩa đã cho.
1. Relating to the throat ____________________________________________________________
2. Hernia of the rectum _______________________________________________________________
3. Enlargement of the liver ____________________________________________________________
4. Visual examination of the anal and rectal region ________________________________________
5. Incision of the common bile duct ____________________________________________________
6. Disease condition of the small intestine ________________________________________________
7. New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum _____________________________
8. Relating to surrounding the anus ___________________________________________________
9. New opening from the colon to the outside of the body ___________________________________
Build medical terms to describe the following inflammations.
Cấu tạo các thuật ngữ y học để mô tả các chứng viêm sau đây
10. Inflammation of the appendix _______________________________________________________
11. Inflammation of the large intestine ___________________________________________________
12. Inflammation of the passageway from the throat to the stomach ___________________________
13. Inflammation of the gallbladder ______________________________________________________
14. Inflammation of the third part of the small intestine _____________________________________
15. Inflammation of the pancreas _______________________________________________________
16. Inflammation of the liver ___________________________________________________________
17. Inflammation of the small and large intestines __________________________________________
BÀI TẬP 7-5: CHÍNH TẢ
EXERCISE 7-5: SPELLING
1. The large intestine from the cecum to the rectum is also called the
__________________________.
a. Colon
b. Cologne
c. Collon
d. Colin
2. The GI in GI tract stands for __________________________.
a. Gastrointestinle
b. Gastrointestinel
c. Gastrointestinal
d. Gastraentestinal
3. ________________________ is a chronic liver disease characterized by
inflammation and degeneration.
a. Cirosis
b. Cirrhosis
c. Cirrosis
d. Cirhosis
4. A yellowish cast to the skin, scleras, and other mucous membranes
caused by bile deposits is called __________________________.
a. Jandice
b. Juandice
c. Jaundise
d. Jaundice
5. A __________________________ is a surgical establishment of an
opening into the colon.
a. Colostimy
b. Colostamy
c. Colostomy
d. Colostemy
BÀI TẬP 7-6: GHÉP NỐI
EXERCISE 7-6: MATCHING
Match the following pathologic diagnoses with their definitions.
Ghép nối các chẩn đoán bệnh lý sau với định nghĩa của chúng.
Cholecystolithiasis (gallstones)
Cirrhosis
Diverticulosis
Dysentery
Hiatal hernia
Irritable bowel syndrome
Pancreatitis
Peptic ulcer
Ulcerative colitis
Viral hepatitis
1. Protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm ________________________
2. Painful, inflamed intestines caused by bacterial infection _________________________________
3. Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum __________________
4. Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall __________________________________________
5. Chronic inflammation of the colon with destruction of its inner surface ______________________
_________________________________________________________
6. Inflammation of the liver caused by type A, type B, or type C virus __________________________
7. Inflammation of the pancreas _______________________________________________________
8. Calculi in the sac that stores bile _____________________________________________________
9. Chronic degenerative liver disease with scarring resulting from alcoholism or infectious hepatitis
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating) with no evidence of structural abnormalities ____________________________________________________________
VII. ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP
VII. ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
SEVENTH DAY
BÀI TẬP 7-1 ĐỊNH NGHĨA
EXERCISE 7-1 DEFINITIONS
1. Hepato.logist
2. Procto.logist
3. Gastro.entero.logist
4. Gastro.entero.logy
5. Procto.logy
BÀI TẬP 7-2 PHÂN TÍCH THUẬT NGỮ
EXERCISE 7-2 ANALYZING TERMS
1. Enter -scopy visual examination of the small intestines
2. Choledonch -plasty surgical repair of the common bile duct
3. Pharyng -eal relating to the pharynx
4. Col -tomy surgical incision of the colon
5. Ile -rrhaphy surgical suture of the ileum
BÀI TẬP 7-3 THÀNH PHẦN MỘT THUẬT NGỮ
EXERCISE 7-3 WORD PARTS
1. Chole.lith.iasis
root: chol/e (bile, gall)
suffix: -lith (stone)
suffix: -iasis (condition of)
definition: The presence of stones in the gallbladder
2. Colo.proct.itis
root: col/o- (colon)
root: proct/o- (anus or rectum)
suffix: -itis (inflammation)
definition: inflammation of the colon and rectum
3. Endo.gastric
prefix: endo- (within)
root: gastr/o (stomach)
suffix: -ic (relating to)
definition: within the stomach
4. Gastro.pexy
root: gastr/o (stomach)
suffix: -pexy (surgical fixation)
definition: surgical fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall
5. Colono.scopy
root: colon/o (colon)
suffix: -scopy (viewing)
definition: visual examination of the colon
BÀI TẬP 7-4 CẤU TẠO TỪ
EXERCISE 7-4 WORD BUILDING
1. Pharyng.eal
2. Recto.cele
3. Hepato.megaly
4. Procto.scopy
5. Choledocho.tomy
6. Entero.pathy
7. Choledocho.jejuno.stomy
8. Peri.anal
9. Colo.stomy
10. Appendic.itis
11. Col.itis
12. Esophag.itis
13. Cholecyst.itis
14. Ile.itis
15. Pancreat.itis
16. Hepat.itis
17. Entero.col.itis
BÀI TẬP 7-5: CHÍNH TẢ
EXERCISE 7-5: SPELLING
Select the correct spelling of the medical term.
Chọn cách viết đúng của thuật ngữ y học
1. The large intestine from the cecum to the rectum is also called the
__________________________.
a. Colon
2. The GI in GI tract stands for __________________________.
c. Gastrointestinal
3. ________________________ is a chronic liver disease characterized by
inflammation and degeneration.
b. Cirrhosis
4. A yellowish cast to the skin, scleras, and other mucous membranes
caused by bile deposits is called __________________________.
d. Jaundice
5. A __________________________ is a surgical establishment of an
opening into the colon.
c. Colostomy
BÀI TẬP 7-6: GHÉP NỐI
EXERCISE 7-6: MATCHING
1. Hiatal hernia
2. Dysentery
3. Peptic ulcer
4. Diverticulosis
5. Ulcerative colitis
6. Viral hepatitis
7. Pancreatitis
8. Cholecystolithiasis (gallstones)
9. Cirrhosis
10. Irritable bowel syndrome
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo
1. Alison Pohl. (2002). Professional English: Medical. Pearson Education. Ltd.
2. Ann Ehrlich & Carol L. Schroeder. (2013). Medical Terminology for Health Professions. Delmar, Cengage Learning.
3. Barbara A. Gylys & Mary Ellen Wedding (2017). Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach. F.A. Davis Company.
4. Davi-Ellen Chabner (2013). The Language of Medicine. Elsevier.
Nguyen Phuoc Vinh Co 
Trả lời