Nguyễn phước vĩnh cố

n.g.u.y.e.n p.h.u.o.c v.i.n.h c.o

PRESENT: TỪ VỰNG PHỔ THÔNG

PRESENT: /pri’zent/ (v) và /’prezәnt/ (n)*

Lưu ý:

* Cách phát âm giữa present (động từ) và present (danh từ)

PRESENT: /pri’zent/ (v)

Là một từ vựng phổ thông, động từ ‘present’ /pri’zent/ thường có các nghĩa sau khi được dùng với tân ngữ:

Động từ ‘present’ là một từ phổ thông có nghĩa đầu tiên là ‘trao tặng’

1. to officially give sb sth): cho ai cái gì đó một cách trang trọng.

Ta có thể gặp 3 cấu trúc:

– To present sth: trao tặng cái gì

– The company’s vice president will present the prize for the Best Salesperson of the year.

– To present sb with sth: trao tặng ai cái gì

– On his retirement colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs.

– Colleagues presented the retiring chairman with a cheque.

– To present sth to sb: trao tặng cái gì cho ai

– At yesterday’s ceremony the Colonel presented medals to the new who had fought in this campaign.

– The sword was presented by the family to the museum.

Ngoài ra ta có thể dùng cấu trúc này khi muốn diễn đạt ‘(trao) tặng hoa cho ai’ như trong:

– A little girl presented a basket of flowers to the President’s wife.

1. To give sth to sb, especially formally at a ceremony. Trao tặng

– The sword was presented by the family to the museum.

– They presented a sum of money the college in memory of their son.

2. To show or offer sth for other people to look at or consider. Trình (bày), đưa (ra) … (để ai xem xét)

– They presented a petition (kiến nghị) to the governor.

– Britain’s new ambassador to Lebanon has presented his credentials (quốc thư) to the President.

3. (Of an opportunity, a solution, etc.) to suddenly happen or become available. Xuất hiện, đưa đến (với ai), nảy ra

– A wonderful opportunity suddenly presented itself.

– The answer presented itself to him when he looked at the problem again.

– The idea presents itself to my mind.

4. (Formal) to officially appear somewhere. Trình diện (người)

– You will be asked to present yourself for interview.

– She was ordered to present herself in court on 20 May.

5. (Formal) to offer or express sth in speech or writing. Bày tỏ, ngỏ lời (xin lỗi, lời khen…)

– Please allow me to present my apologies.

6. To appear in a radio or television programme and in troduce the different items in it. Giới thiệu một sô diễn/dẫn một chương trình

– Our music program will be presented by Mr A who…

– She used to present a gardening program on TV.

– Now, presented by Cliff Mitchelmore, ‘Holiday’.

7. (Formal) to introduce sb formally, especially to sb of higher rank or status. Giới thiệu một ai đó với người có địa vị cao hơn

– May I present my new assistant to you?

PRESENT (v): THUẬT NGỮ QUÂN SỰ

PRESENT /prɪˈzent/ (v):

Present arms /prɪˈzent ɑrmz/: (Of a soldiers) to hold a rifle vertical in front of the body as a mark of respect. Bồng súng chào

– Present arms!

– The soldiers were ordered to present arms.

– They come to a halt and present arms, saluting the commander.

– The platoon are to guard the station, and present arms as the train steams through.

PRESENT (v): THUẬT NGỮ THƯƠNG MẠI

PRESENT /prɪˈzent/ (v):

Động từ ‘present sth’ khi dùng ở ngữ cảnh thương mại có hai nghĩa:

1 To show or offer sth for other people to consider . Trình bày cái gì để xem xét

– The business plan will be presented before the board on Thursday.

– Are you presenting a paper at the conference?

2. To give sb a cheque or bill that they should pay. Đưa ra, xuất trình (một tấm séc, một hóa đơn) để lĩnh tiền

– Has the builder presented his bill yet?

– The cheque was presented for payment on 21 March.

– A cheque presented by Mr A was returned by the bank.

PRESENT (v): THUẬT NGỮ Y KHOA

Nếu ta bắt gặp các câu sau trong ngữ cảnh y khoa thì động từ ‘present’, được dùng không có tân ngữ có thể được dịch là:

PRESENT /prɪˈzent/ (v):

1. (Of a patient) to have a certain symptom or medical condition, especially as reported during a medical examination. Triệu chứng (về bệnh nhân), đặc biệt ở báo cáo ca bệnh

– The patient presented with a sore throat (có triệu chứng viêm họng).

– A 22 year-old man presented with shortness of breath (có triệu chứng hụt hơi).

– He presented to his GP with chest pain (đến khám bác sĩ đa khoa có triệu chứng đau ngực).

2. (Of a medical condition) to be evident from the presence of certain symptoms. Biểu hiện (về một bệnh)

– Depression often presents with disturbed sleep and appetite (thường biểu hiện mất ngủ và kém ăn).

3. (Of a fetus) to be visible at the cervix during labor. (Về bào thai) có thể thấy ở tử cung khi sinh nở/tự lộ ra ở tử cung khi sinh nở.

– In a normal delivery (Khi sinh thường), the baby’s head presents first (đầu của em bé/thai nhi ló ra trước).

PRESENT (v): THUẬT NGỮ NGOẠI GIAO

PRESENT /prɪˈzent/ (v):

Present one’s compliments /ˈprɛzənt wənz ˈkɑmpləmɛnts/: (formal) Used to greet someone very politely. Kính chào

– The Embassy of Australia presents its compliments (kính chào) to the Department of State and has the honour to advise (hân hạnh thông báo) ….

– The Australian Embassy in Hanoi and the Australian Consulate-General of Ho Chi Minh City present their compliments (kính chào) to the Immigration Department of the Ministry of Public Security of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and have the honour to refer to (trân trọng đề cập) …

Thanh Khê, Đà Nẵng 05/10/2025