SỔ TAY NGƯỜI HỌC TIẾNG ANH PHÁP LÝ Chương II: Thuật Ngữ Pháp Lý về Hình Phạt

SỔ TAY NGƯỜI HỌC TIẾNG ANH PHÁP LÝ
Chương II: Thuật Ngữ Pháp Lý về Hình Phạt

Nguyễn Phước Vĩnh Cố
Tôn Nữ Thanh Thảo
Tôn Nữ Hải Anh
Bảo Nguyên

Nếu biết trăm năm là hữu hạn…
Xin vui lòng trích dẫn nguồn khi dùng lại bài từ blog này!

Thuật Ngữ Pháp Lý về Hình Phạt

Danh từ: Hình phạt

– Punishment: Hình phạt
– Corporal/physical punishment: Nhục hình
– Capital punishment: Án tử hình
– Penalty: Hình phạt, tiền phạt
– Death penalty: Án tử hình
– Capital offence: Tội tử hình
– Penal servitude: Tội khổ sai
– Penal servitude for life: Tội khổ sai chung thân
– Hard labor (Mỹ), hard labour (Anh): Tội khổ sai
– Hard labour for life: Tội khổ sai chung thân
– Life (imprisonment): Tù chung thân
– Chastisement: Hình phạt nghiêm khắc
– Custody: Tạm giam
– Community service: Lao động công ích
– Detention: Sự giam giữ/cấm túc
– Fine: Tiền phạt
– House arrest: Quản thúc tại gia
– Apologising to the victim: Xin lỗi nạn nhân
– Loss of citizenship: Mất quyền công nhân
– Compensation or other reparations to the victim(s): Bồi thường thiệt hại cho nạn nhân
– Blocking/freezing access to bank account(s): Đóng băng tài khoản ngân hàng

Các ví dụ

– The punishment he suffered was terrible.
– What is the punishment for this crime?
– Corporal punishment can include beating a criminal.
– Capital punishment can be by hanging or shooting.
– The member states have reaffirmed the Union’s opposition to capital punishment.
– Murder used to be a capital offence in Britain.
– The murder was sentenced to penal servitude for eight years/for life.
– He was sentenced to 4 years’ hard labour.
– The sentence was life imprisonment.
– He was given life.
– Many people believe that capital punishment is a deterrent to murder.
– Chastisement is often not the best way to improve someone’s character.
– The fine for what he did was $20.
– She was placed under house arrest.

– Danh từ: Hình phạt thời phong kiến

– Nine familial exterminations: Tru di cữu tộc
– Execution by elephant: Voi giày
– Castration: Cung hình
– Lingchi/death by a thousand cuts: Tùng xẻo, lăng trì
– Dismemberment by 4 horses: Tứ mã phân/phanh thây

– Động từ: Hình phạt

– Punish: Phạt
– Penalize: Phạt
– Chasten: Trừng phạt (ai) để sửa chữa
– Chastise: Trừng phạt (ai) nghiêm khắc
– Persecute: Ngược đãi, khủng bố
– Victimize: Bắt nạt, trù dập
– Castigate: Chỉ trích hoặc trừng phạt (ai) nghiêm khắc
– Make an example of: Phạt (ai)
– Give (s.e) a lesson/ to (s.e):
– Serve one right (for doing sth): Đáng đời (ai) vì đã làm gì.
Các ví dụ

– Anyone who broke these rulers was severely punished.
– People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized.
– 5 years in prison had not chastened him.
– The father chastised his wicked son with a whip.
– The Romans persecuted the early Christians, often causing them to be eaten by lions.
– Stop victimizing these men just because they tell the truth.
– He castigated himself for being so stupid.
– The judge decided to make an example of the young vandals and gave them each a year in prison.
– I’m going to teach him a lesson. He’ll never dare to talk to me like that!
– Left you, did she? It serves you right for being so selfish.

Động từ và danh từ: Hình phạt bằng roi, gậy

– Beat: Đánh nhiều lần bằng roi, gậy….
– Thrash: Đánh đòn, đánh đập
– Whip: Đánh người/vật bằng roi nhất là để trừng phạt
– Flog: Quất bằng roi
– Lash: Quất bằng roi
– Cane: Đánh (ai) bằng roi, gậy

Các ví dụ

– Beat him hard; he deserves to be punished.
– The man was beaten to death with heavy sticks.
– He gave the man a beating.
– They thrashed him until he could not stand.
– “That man deserves/ a whipping/to be whipped!” he said.
– Flog him! The sailor was flogged for not doing as he was told.
– They gave the prisoner 20 lashes.
– The teacher caned the boy.

Động từ và danh từ: Trục xuất

– Banish: Trục xuất, đày biệt xứ
– Banishment: Sự trục xuất
– Exile (v & n): Đày ải (ai)/cảnh tha hương, cảnh sống lưu vong
– Extradite: Dẫn độ
– Extradition: Sự dẫn độ
– Expatriate: Đày biệt xứ
– Deport: Trục xuất, đày đi
– Deportation: Sự trục xuất

Các ví dụ

– He was banished (from his homeland) for life.
– They exiled Napoleon to the island of St Helena.
– The British government attempted to extradite the suspects from Belgium.
– He was extradited from France to Britain to stand trial for murder.
– He was expatriated on suspicion of spying for the enemy.
– He was convicted of drug offences and deported.
– Years ago, convicted criminals could face deportation to Australia.

Danh từ: Giảm án và (tạm) tha

– Remission: Giảm án (nhờ có hạnh kiểm tốt)
– Commutation of sentence: Giảm án
– Pardon: Sự giải tội
– Amnesty: Lệnh ân xá
– Parole: Lời cam kết
– Probation: Sự thử thách

Các ví dụ

– He got 3 years’ remission (of sentence) for good behaviour.
– There cannot be any remission for him; his crimes were too grave.
– He was granted a pardon after new evidence had proved his innocences.
– The new governor declared a total amnesty for political offenders.
– He was let out of prison for a week on parole to see his sick wife.
– He was on 3 years’ probation.
– The accused was sentenced to one year probation.

Động từ: Liên quan đến hình phạt

– Serve (a sentence): Ở tù, ngồi tù, thụ án
– Parole: Tạm tha
– Commute: Giảm án
– Remmit: Giảm án
– Pardon: Tạm tha, được tha

Các ví dụ

– The prisoner served his sentence and was released.
– He was paroled last week.
– His death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.
– His sentence was remmited by 3 years for good behaviour.
– He was publicly pardoned for his crimes.

Danh từ: Sự hành hình

– Execution: Sự hành hình
– Boiling to death: Đun vạc dầu
– Breaking wheel: Phanh thây
– Burial alive: Thiêu sống
– Burning: Lên giàn hỏa
– Hanging: Treo cổ
– Decapitation: Chặt/chém đầu
– Falling: Ném từ trên cao xuống đất, ném xuống vực, ném xuống hố
– Flaying: Lột da
– Firing squad: Đội hành quyết, đội xử bắn
– Crucifixion: Sự đóng đinh trên thập tự giá
– The (electric) chair: Ghế điện
– Gallows: Giá Treo cổ
– Garrote: Thắt cổ
– Scaffold: Đoạn đầu đài
– Guillotine: Máy chém.
– Garrotte: Thắt cổ
– Gas chamber: Buồng hơi ngạt
– Immurement: Giam đói khát trong ngục
– Impalement: Đóng cọc qua người
– Lethal injection: Tiêm thuốc độc
– Harakiri/seppuku [Nhật]: Sự mổ bụng tự sát
– Disembowelment: Mổ bụng
– Dismemberment: Chặt tay, chặt chân và các bộ phận cơ thể
– Electrocution: Lên ghế điện
– Poisoning: Cho uống thuốc độc
– Stoning: Ném đá
Các ví dụ

– She faced execution by hanging for murder.
– Over 200 executions were carried out last year.
– She was sentenced to death by hanging.
– He was executed by (a) firing-squad.
– He was sent to the electric chair.
– She faced death by the electric chair.
– It was common to send a man to the gallows for such crimes.
– He paid (the price) for his crime on the gallows.
– You will go to the scaffold if you kill her!
– She went to the guillotine in the French revolution.
– He was sentenced to death by electrocution.
– He has been sentenced to death by lethal injection.
– He died in the gas chamber.

Động từ: Hành hình

– Execute: Hành hình
– Hang: Treo cổ
– Behead: Chặt/chém đầu
– Guillotine: Sử dụng máy chém với (ai)
– Decapitate: Chặt đầu
– Crucify: Đóng đinh trên thập tự giá

Các ví dụ

– He was executed for treason.
– They executed murderers in those days.
– They carried the execution at dawn.
– In those days a man could be hanged by the neck until dead.
– The executioner beheaded the prisoner with an axe.
– The man was guillotined.
– The prisoners were all decapitated.

Tagged as: thuật ngữ pháp lý